5-Amino-1MQ Reconstitution Math: mg/mL and Syringe Units

Updated September 2026: this rewrite rebuilds the arithmetic sections around the exact search phrasings researchers use, adds a diluent and storage-condition comparison table sourced only to cited in-use stability literature, expands the documented degradation-signs discussion, and adds a much longer accounting of what published data on this compound does not answer.

The most consequential error in laboratory peptide handling is rarely contamination. It is arithmetic. A 50 mg vial of 5-Amino-1MQ is a fixed mass of lyophilized solid; the moment bacteriostatic water enters that vial, the meaningful number changes from milligrams of powder to milligrams per milliliter of solution. Laboratory records that skip that conversion — that treat "50 mg vial" as though it described a single measured aliquot — produce volumes that are off by a factor of two, five, or ten. The formula is trivial. The failure mode is assuming it does not need to be written down.

This page is measurement education for researchers and laboratory buyers: how concentration is derived after reconstitution, how milliliters convert to graduations on a U-100 insulin-style syringe, how labeled vial mass differs from certificate-reported mass, and what the published in-use stability literature does and does not establish about reconstituted peptide solutions. Every worked figure below is a neutral arithmetic example describing a solution on a bench. Nothing here is medical, veterinary, or administration guidance, and 5-Amino-1MQ is supplied for research use only.

Key Takeaways From the Arithmetic

• Concentration (mg/mL) = total peptide mass (mg) ÷ solvent volume (mL). Every downstream number depends on this single quotient being recorded at the moment of reconstitution.
• Volume (mL) = target mass (mg) ÷ concentration (mg/mL). A 50 mg vial reconstituted with 2 mL yields 25 mg/mL, so a 5 mg aliquot occupies 0.2 mL.
• U-100 graduations: 1 unit = 0.01 mL. Multiplying a milliliter volume by 100 converts it to syringe units, so 0.2 mL reads as the 20-unit mark.
• Labeled mass is a minimum, not a measurement. Lyophilization and filling tolerances mean actual content differs from the label; the lot-specific certificate of analysis is the only document that reports what a given vial contains.
• Larger reconstitution volumes improve readability of small aliquots because the same mass occupies more graduations, at the cost of consuming the vial faster and holding solution in a liquid state longer.
• In-use stability data for this specific compound at any specific concentration has not been published. The cited literature below describes other lyophilized and in-use formulations and is used strictly as general context.

5-Amino-1MQ Reconstitution, Step by Step

Reconstitution is the process of returning a lyophilized (freeze-dried) solid to solution by adding a measured volume of solvent. For 5-Amino-1MQ, laboratory records typically document four values: the labeled or certificate-reported mass in the vial, the identity of the solvent, the exact volume of solvent added, and the resulting concentration in mg/mL. Those four values, written in that order, make every later calculation reproducible by a second person reading the same notebook.

The physical sequence documented in most laboratory handling notes runs as follows. The lyophilized vial is allowed to equilibrate to room temperature before the stopper is wiped and pierced, so that condensation does not form on cold glass. Solvent is introduced slowly down the inner wall of the vial rather than jetted directly onto the cake, because mechanical shear is a recognized stress for peptide and protein solutions. The vial is then swirled or rolled — not shaken — until the cake dissolves and the solution reads optically clear against a light background. Dissolution time varies with cake density and fill geometry; work on reconstituting injectable poly-D,L-lactic acid found that both the diluent chosen and a physical acceleration method measurably changed how quickly a freeze-dried solid entered solution (PMID 33154871), which is a useful reminder that "add water and wait" is not a single fixed procedure across solids.

Reconstitution of lyophilized powders is also a routine step in regulated pharmaceutical work, not an improvised one. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of rusfertide, a hepcidin mimetic peptide, describes a lyophilized powder formulation reconstituted before subcutaneous administration in healthy volunteers (PMID 39546273), illustrating that the accuracy of the reconstitution step is treated as part of the analytical chain rather than a preliminary inconvenience. The same logic applies on a research bench: the concentration derived at reconstitution is an input to every result recorded afterward.

5-Amino-1MQ 50 mg Vials: What the Arithmetic Produces

A 50 mg vial of 5-Amino-1MQ reconstituted with 2 mL of bacteriostatic water produces a nominal 25 mg/mL solution, because 50 ÷ 2 = 25. That single number then governs everything: a 2.5 mg aliquot occupies 0.10 mL, a 5 mg aliquot occupies 0.20 mL, and a 10 mg aliquot occupies 0.40 mL. The vial holds 2 mL of solution total, so the number of equal aliquots available is simply 2 mL divided by the aliquot volume.

Because 50 mg is the most commonly stocked fill size, it is worth seeing the whole arithmetic grid at once. The table below holds vial mass constant at 50 mg and varies only the solvent volume, showing the resulting concentration, the volume that would contain a neutral 5 mg reference mass, the corresponding U-100 graduation, and how many 5 mg aliquots the vial contains.

Two observations fall out of that table. First, the number of aliquots per vial never changes — mass is conserved, and adding solvent only redistributes it. Second, the readability of the measurement changes dramatically: the same 5 mg reference mass spans ten graduations at 50 mg/mL and fifty graduations at 10 mg/mL. Laboratories working with small target masses therefore tend to choose larger reconstitution volumes, because reading error is a fixed fraction of a graduation rather than a fixed fraction of the mass.

How Much Bacteriostatic Water for a 50 mg Vial of 5-Amino-1MQ?

There is no single correct volume; 1 mL to 5 mL are all arithmetically valid for a 50 mg vial, and the choice is a measurement-precision decision rather than a chemistry decision. What the added volume determines is concentration, and therefore how many syringe graduations a given mass occupies. Laboratory records that state "reconstituted with bacteriostatic water" without the volume are unusable, because the mg/mL value cannot be reconstructed after the fact.

In practice, three constraints bound the choice. The first is the physical capacity of the vial: a 2 mL nominal vial cannot accept 5 mL, and headspace is needed for the solvent to swirl. The second is graduation resolution: volumes below roughly 0.05 mL (5 units on a U-100 barrel) sit close to the limit of confident visual reading on a standard barrel, so lower concentrations are preferred when the target mass is small. The third is time in solution. A lyophilized solid is the more stable state for peptides and small molecules generally — work on lyophilized human growth hormone documented that solid-state formulation variables govern degradation behavior during storage (PMID 18394830), and spray freeze-dried insulin "lyospheres" were developed specifically because the dried solid state preserves peptide integrity better than an aqueous one (PMID 34201254). Larger reconstitution volumes mean more material sits in aqueous solution for longer, which is the trade-off against improved readability.

Bacteriostatic water — sterile water containing a bacteriostatic preservative, most commonly benzyl alcohol — is the solvent named on most research-grade lyophilized vial labels for multi-puncture solutions, because the preservative is intended to suppress microbial growth across repeated stopper entries. Plain sterile water for injection contains no preservative and is generally documented for single-use preparation. No published head-to-head comparison of these two solvents exists for 5-Amino-1MQ, and the figures above are arithmetic, not stability claims.

5-Amino-1MQ Calculator Math: Getting mg/mL Without Guesswork

A concentration calculator for 5-Amino-1MQ performs exactly two divisions, and both can be verified by hand in seconds. The first division converts vial contents into concentration: mass in milligrams divided by solvent volume in milliliters gives mg/mL. The second division converts a target mass into a volume: target milligrams divided by mg/mL gives milliliters. A final multiplication by 100 converts milliliters into U-100 graduations. Any calculator that returns a number inconsistent with those three operations has been fed the wrong input.

The most common input error is entering the labeled vial mass in the volume field, or entering a target mass in milliliters. A useful audit habit is dimensional sanity checking: concentration must always be larger than the target mass when the volume is under 1 mL, and the computed volume must never exceed the total solvent volume added to the vial. If the calculator returns a volume of 2.5 mL from a vial that received 2 mL of solvent, the requested mass simply does not exist in that vial.

Independent verification of calculated quantities is a formal discipline in other quantitative fields, and the parallel is instructive. Radiation physics literature repeatedly demonstrates that calculation engines require independent cross-checks: calculation accuracy on iterative cone-beam CT was evaluated against reference planning data rather than assumed (PMID 34102546), deep learning approaches were benchmarked against established calculation algorithms (PMID 32559018), algorithm behavior was tested specifically in the presence of high-density dental amalgam where simple models break down (PMID 39141184), and independent secondary-check software was validated for small, flattening-filter-free fields (PMID 36567632). Those are radiotherapy physics studies, not peptide studies, and none of them speak to 5-Amino-1MQ. The transferable principle is narrow but real: calculated quantities are checked by a second, independent method before they are trusted, and a hand-computed mg/mL value written in a notebook is the bench equivalent of a secondary dose check.

Converting Milliliters to Units on a U-100 Syringe

A U-100 insulin-style syringe is graduated in units where 1 unit equals 0.01 mL, so a 1 mL barrel carries 100 graduations. Converting a computed volume to graduations is a multiplication by 100: 0.05 mL is 5 units, 0.12 mL is 12 units, 0.35 mL is 35 units, and 0.80 mL is 80 units. Converting in the other direction is a division by 100. The unit scale describes volume only — it carries no information about how much compound is present, which is why the mg/mL value must be recorded separately.

Three practical reading issues appear in laboratory notes. Half-unit graduations exist on some barrels and not others, so a computed volume of 0.125 mL (12.5 units) is readable on one barrel and a rounding decision on another. Barrel size changes resolution: a 0.3 mL barrel spreads 30 units across the same physical length that a 1 mL barrel uses for 100, making small volumes easier to read. And dead space in the needle hub retains a small volume that is not delivered, which is why volumes computed to three decimal places carry false precision on a graduated barrel.

The arithmetic chain, written out once in full for a neutral example: a vial reporting 50 mg of 5-Amino-1MQ receives 2.0 mL of bacteriostatic water, giving 50 ÷ 2.0 = 25 mg/mL; a target reference mass of 7.5 mg gives 7.5 ÷ 25 = 0.30 mL; 0.30 × 100 = 30 units. The same vial reconstituted with 3.0 mL gives 16.7 mg/mL, so 7.5 ÷ 16.7 = 0.45 mL, or 45 units. Same vial, same mass, different graduation — which is precisely why the solvent volume belongs in the record.

Reading a Certificate of Analysis for Vial Contents

The label states a nominal fill; the certificate of analysis reports what was measured. For reconstitution arithmetic, the fields that matter are identity confirmation, purity by HPLC (typically reported as area percent), the assay or content value where provided, water content or residual solvent where reported, and the lot number that ties the document to the vial in hand. Every lot supplied by Real Peptides has an independent certificate of analysis, and matching the lot number on the vial to the document is the only way to confirm the arithmetic is using the right starting mass.

Purity and content are distinct quantities and are frequently conflated. A purity figure describes the proportion of the detected material that is the target compound; a content or assay figure describes how much target compound the vial holds. A vial can report high chromatographic purity while containing residual moisture or counter-ion mass that makes the weighed solid heavier than the active compound alone. Where a certificate reports content separately from purity, the content value is the one that belongs in the numerator of the concentration calculation, and laboratories that document both numbers can explain any later discrepancy in their own results.

Vial Overfill: Why Labeled Mass Is Not Measured Mass

Lyophilized vials are filled to meet or exceed a labeled minimum, and filling tolerance means the solid in the vial is usually slightly heavier than the label states. A positive overfill raises the true concentration above the nominal calculated value: if a vial labeled 50 mg actually holds 52 mg and receives 2 mL of solvent, the real concentration is 26 mg/mL rather than 25 mg/mL, a difference of about 4 percent. That offset is invisible to any calculator, because the calculator only knows the number typed into it.

Two documentation habits address this. The first is using the certificate-reported content rather than the label when a content value is available. The second is recording the nominal value explicitly as nominal, so that results are reported against a stated assumption rather than an unstated one. Overfill magnitude is lot-specific and is not a published constant for 5-Amino-1MQ; any generic percentage quoted without a lot-specific certificate is an estimate, not a measurement, and this page does not assert one.

5-Amino Reconstitution: Why the Search Term Returns Unrelated Literature

In bench handling, "reconstitution" means returning a lyophilized solid to solution — but the same word carries at least two other technical meanings in the indexed literature, which is why a search for "5-amino reconstitution" returns papers with no relationship to vial preparation. In natural-product biochemistry, reconstitution describes rebuilding an enzymatic pathway in vitro: the lasso peptide fuscanodin was characterized through heterologous expression and in vitro reconstitution of its biosynthetic machinery (PMID 30532970), and the lasso peptide fusilassin was investigated by enzymatic reconstitution of its biosynthesis (PMID 30589265). In physiology, reconstitution describes restoring a biological compartment or signal, as in work on transient hepatic reconstitution of trophic factors in aged immunity (PMID 41407851).

None of those usages describe adding bacteriostatic water to a vial, and none report stability data for 5-Amino-1MQ. The distinction matters for literature searches: queries phrased as "reconstitution" alone retrieve enzymology and immunology, while solvent-and-concentration questions are better served by searching in-use stability, lyophilized formulation, or reconstituted solution terminology.

5-Amino-1MQ After Reconstitution: What In-Use Stability Literature Reports

No published in-use stability study for 5-Amino-1MQ in bacteriostatic water at any specific concentration exists in the cited literature. What does exist is a body of in-use stability work on other lyophilized and aqueous formulations, and it establishes the general shape of the problem: temperature, time in solution, container and handling, and the solid-versus-aqueous state are the variables that stability programs measure.

Refrigerated in-use storage has been studied most rigorously for biologics. A combined physicochemical and functional assessment of pertuzumab integrity supported extended in-use stability of the prepared solution, with integrity judged by orthogonal analytical methods alongside retained functional activity rather than appearance alone (PMID 36978206). At the other end of the temperature range, an evaluation of in-use insulin pens found that storage temperature during the in-use period is a determinant of measured stability, which is the reason in-use windows are always stated together with a temperature (PMID 31634960). For the dried state, lyophilized human growth hormone work documented that solid-state storage behavior depends on formulation and storage variables rather than being indefinitely inert (PMID 18394830), and spray freeze-dried insulin lyospheres were engineered precisely to keep a peptide in a stabilized solid form until use (PMID 34201254).

The table below summarizes what each cited condition's source actually reports. Every row describes a different compound or formulation; none of them is 5-Amino-1MQ, and the rows are context for handling documentation, not transferable shelf-life figures.

Documented Visual and Analytical Signs of Degradation

Laboratory records generally separate two categories of observation: what can be seen in the vial, and what can only be measured by assay. The visual category includes loss of optical clarity or haze, visible particulates or flocculent material, discoloration of a previously colorless solution, adherent film or ring at the solution line, gelation or increased viscosity, and changes in the dried cake before reconstitution — shrinkage, collapse, browning, or a cake that has slumped to a hard glassy layer rather than a uniform porous plug. A cake that resists dissolving, or a solution that stays faintly cloudy after extended gentle swirling, is documented as an anomaly and the lot is set aside rather than used.

The analytical category is where the cited literature is most informative, because it repeatedly shows that appearance alone is insufficient. The pertuzumab in-use assessment combined physicochemical characterization with functional testing before concluding that integrity was retained (PMID 36978206) — a design choice that only makes sense if visual inspection cannot substitute for assay. The insulin pen temperature study likewise relied on measured stability endpoints rather than inspection to detect the effect of storage temperature (PMID 31634960), and the lyophilized growth hormone work characterized degradation in the solid state, where a cake may look unchanged while measurable degradation has occurred (PMID 18394830). Odor change is sometimes noted informally for preserved solvents, but no cited study validates odor as a degradation endpoint, and it should not be treated as one.

The practical implication for reconstitution math is direct: a clear solution does not confirm that the mg/mL value on the label of the working vial is still accurate, and a hazy solution invalidates the calculation regardless of how carefully the arithmetic was done. Concentration records and condition records are separate columns in a usable notebook.

Worked Measurement Scenarios

When Extra Solvent Enters the Vial

If 3 mL of bacteriostatic water enters a 50 mg vial where 2 mL was intended, the concentration is 50 ÷ 3 = 16.7 mg/mL, not 25 mg/mL. The vial is not ruined; the arithmetic simply changed. Every subsequent volume must be recomputed against 16.7 mg/mL, so a neutral 5 mg reference mass now occupies 0.30 mL (30 units) instead of 0.20 mL (20 units). The failure mode is not the extra milliliter — it is failing to update the label on the vial and the line in the notebook.

When the Target Mass Does Not Divide Evenly

At 25 mg/mL, a 7.5 mg reference mass gives 0.30 mL exactly. At 16.7 mg/mL it gives 0.449 mL, which no U-100 barrel can resolve. Records typically state the computed value, the graduation actually used, and the rounding direction, so that the difference between intended and measured mass is explicit rather than hidden. Where non-integer graduations recur, laboratories often choose a reconstitution volume that makes the target mass land on whole units — at 15 mg/mL, for example, a 7.5 mg reference mass is exactly 0.50 mL.

When the Computed Volume Exceeds the Barrel

A computed volume of 1.2 mL cannot be measured in a single 1 mL barrel. Two options exist arithmetically: measure in two draws, documenting both, or reconstitute future vials at a higher concentration so the same mass fits in one draw. A 50 mg vial reconstituted with 1 mL gives 50 mg/mL, and a mass that required 1.2 mL at 25 mg/mL now occupies 0.6 mL. Splitting draws introduces two dead-space losses instead of one, which is why concentration is usually adjusted at the reconstitution step rather than at the barrel.

When Volumes Fall Below Readable Graduations

Volumes under about 0.05 mL sit near the lower limit of confident visual reading on a 1 mL U-100 barrel, because a single graduation represents 20 percent or more of the measurement. The standard remedy is dilution at reconstitution: dropping from 50 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL multiplies the graduation count for the same mass by five. The counterweight is that more solution sits in the aqueous state for longer, and the aqueous state is the less stable one across the lyophilization literature cited above (PMID 34201254).

Planning Vial Counts Across a Multi-Week Study

Total mass required equals the target mass per measurement multiplied by the number of measurements. Dividing that total by the certificate-reported mass per vial gives the vial count, rounded up. A study requiring 40 measurements of 5 mg needs 200 mg total, or four 50 mg vials at nominal fill. Planning in milligrams rather than milliliters avoids the most common ordering error, because milliliters are an artifact of the solvent volume chosen and milligrams are not.

Why 5-Amino-1MQ Appears in NNMT Research

5-Amino-1MQ is described in the literature as a small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), the enzyme that methylates nicotinamide and thereby intersects with NAD+ metabolism. Published work in this area is preclinical. A small-molecule NNMT inhibitor showed anti-proliferative activity in HeLa cells in a cell-culture study (PMID 33645410). In a mouse model, NNMT inhibition combined with a reduced-calorie diet was associated with a distinct microbiome profile in diet-induced obese animals (PMID 35013352). And NNMT activity in cancer-associated fibroblasts has been reported to modulate macrophages and contribute to tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance in urothelial bladder cancer models (PMID 39067875).

These are cell-line and animal-model findings describing enzyme biology. They do not establish outcomes in people, they are not evidence of safety or benefit, and they have no bearing on reconstitution arithmetic other than explaining why researchers handle the compound at all. 5-Amino-1MQ is not an approved drug and is supplied strictly for laboratory research.

What the Literature Does Not Cover

Honesty about the evidence gap is more useful than a confident number. The following sub-questions are not answered by any paper cited on this page, and no figure on this page should be read as answering them:

• 5-Amino-1MQ at a specific concentration in bacteriostatic water. No cited study measures the stability of this compound at 10, 25, or 50 mg/mL, in any container, at any temperature.
• Hour-by-hour or day-by-day degradation curves. The in-use literature cited describes other formulations; no kinetic timeline exists for this compound, so statements like "stable for X days refrigerated" are unsupported.
• Head-to-head diluent comparison. Bacteriostatic water versus sterile water for injection versus saline has not been compared for 5-Amino-1MQ. The diluent comparison that does exist in the cited set concerns a freeze-dried non-peptide injectable material (PMID 33154871).
• Freeze-thaw tolerance. No cited paper reports how many freeze-thaw cycles a reconstituted 5-Amino-1MQ solution tolerates, or whether aliquoting before freezing changes the outcome.
• Light and photostability. No cited study quantifies photodegradation of this compound in solution or as a lyophilized cake, so amber-vial and light-protection practices are precautionary rather than evidence-based for this specific molecule.
• Container and material interactions. Adsorption to glass, elastomeric stoppers, plastic syringe barrels, or filter membranes has not been characterized for 5-Amino-1MQ, so mass losses attributable to surfaces are unknown.
• In-use window after first stopper puncture. Preservative efficacy across repeated entries has been demonstrated for other preserved products, not for this one; the machining-fluid contamination study cited illustrates microbial burden in repeatedly accessed fluids in an unrelated industrial setting (PMID 38698749).
• Actual overfill distribution. No published dataset reports the fill-variance distribution for 5-Amino-1MQ vials; only the lot-specific certificate of analysis speaks to a given lot.
• Correlation between visual signs and assay potency. No cited work establishes, for this compound, the point at which haze or discoloration corresponds to a measurable loss of content — which is exactly why the cited in-use programs paired appearance with orthogonal assays (PMID 36978206).
• Pharmacokinetics of 5-Amino-1MQ in any species. The only pharmacokinetic study in the cited set concerns a different peptide, rusfertide, and is included solely because it documents reconstitution of a lyophilized powder as part of a regulated workflow (PMID 39546273).
• Translation of NNMT inhibition findings beyond models. The cited NNMT work is in cell lines and mice (PMID 33645410, PMID 35013352, PMID 39067875); nothing in it addresses human outcomes.

Where published data is absent, the defensible position is procedural: record the certificate-reported mass, record the solvent and its exact volume, compute and write down the mg/mL value, label the vial with the concentration and the reconstitution date, store as the supplier label directs, inspect before every use, and treat any change in appearance as disqualifying. That is documentation, not a stability claim.

The Records That Make the Arithmetic Reproducible

A reconstitution entry that a second researcher can reconstruct contains: lot number matched to the certificate, labeled mass and certificate-reported content where available, solvent identity, solvent volume to the precision it was measured, computed concentration in mg/mL, the date and time of reconstitution, storage location and temperature, and an appearance note at each entry. Recomputing the concentration by hand and comparing it to whatever a calculator returned takes seconds and is the single highest-yield check in the whole sequence — the same independent-verification logic that radiation physics applies to calculated quantities as a matter of routine (PMID 36567632).

None of this is complicated mathematics. It is two divisions, one multiplication, and the discipline to write down the inputs. The arithmetic is unforgiving only when the inputs go unrecorded.

References

• PMID 39067875 — NNMT in cancer-associated fibroblasts drives tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance by modulating macrophages in urothelial bladder cancer. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 2024.
• PMID 33645410 — Small molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase shows anti-proliferative activity in HeLa cells. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2021.
• PMID 35013352 — Reduced calorie diet combined with NNMT inhibition establishes a distinct microbiome in DIO mice. Scientific Reports, 2022.
• PMID 36978206 — Combined physicochemical and functional assessment of pertuzumab integrity supports extended in-use stability. Archiv der Pharmazie, 2023.
• PMID 39546273 — Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rusfertide following subcutaneous administration of a lyophilized powder formulation. Drugs in R&D, 2024.
• PMID 34201254 — Spray freeze dried Lyospheres for nasal administration of insulin. Pharmaceutics, 2021.
• PMID 18394830 — Stability of lyophilized human growth hormone. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2008.
• PMID 36015245 — Biomaterial-mediated protein expression induced by peptide-mRNA nanoparticles embedded in lyophilized collagen scaffolds. Pharmaceutics, 2022.
• PMID 20149435 — Enteric-coated capsules filled with freeze-dried chitosan/poly(gamma-glutamic acid) nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. Biomaterials, 2010.
• PMID 38698749 — Dominant circulating cell-free mycobacterial proteins in in-use machining fluid and their antigenicity potential. Current Protein & Peptide Science, 2024.
• PMID 31634960 — The effect of temperature on the stability of in-use insulin pens. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 2021.
• PMID 41407851 — Transient hepatic reconstitution of trophic factors enhances aged immunity. Nature, 2026.
• PMID 34102546 — Accuracy of dose calculation on iterative CBCT for head and neck radiotherapy. Physica Medica, 2021.
• PMID 30532970 — Heterologous and in vitro reconstitution of fuscanodin, a lasso peptide from Thermobifida fusca. JACS, 2019.
• PMID 32559018 — Boosting radiotherapy dose calculation accuracy with deep learning. J Appl Clin Med Phys, 2020.
• PMID 39141184 — The accuracy of Eclipse AXB and AAA dose algorithms with dental amalgam. Phys Eng Sci Med, 2024.
• PMID 30589265 — Enzymatic reconstitution and biosynthetic investigation of the lasso peptide fusilassin. JACS, 2019.
• PMID 33154871 — Reconstitution of injectable poly-d,l-lactic acid: efficacy of different diluents and a new accelerating method. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2020.
• PMID 36567632 — Evaluating Mobius3D dose calculation accuracy for small-field flattening-filter-free photon beams. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2022.