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SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide engineered to target the inner mitochondrial membrane and scavenge reactive oxygen species. Widely used in cell and tissue models, SS-31 supports studies of mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative-stress mitigation, and cell survival signaling. Each lot is produced under ISO-certified conditions, confirmed ≥99% purity by HPLC, screened for endotoxin (<0.1 EU/mg), and shipped with a full Certificate of Analysis.
Peptides are not ready to use. Must purchase BAC water for reconstitution.
SS-31 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and neutralizes superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, modeling oxidative-stress reduction in cell assays.
In isolated mitochondrial preparations, SS-31 preserves electron-transport efficiency and increases ATP yield under stress conditions.
SS-31 interacts with cardiolipin to maintain cristae structure, supporting studies of mitochondrial integrity in ischemia–reperfusion models.
In neuronal and cardiomyocyte cultures, SS-31 reduces cytochrome-c release and caspase-3 activation, providing a tool for apoptosis-pathway research.
Preclinical tissue models show SS-31 lowers pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α), enabling exploration of mitochondrial-linked immune responses.
Reconstitute SS-31 in SWFI or BAC water, store lyophilized at –20 °C, and keep reconstituted solutions at 2–8 °C for up to 7 days with ≥98% peptide integrity.
SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) designed to selectively bind cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In research models, SS-31 is used to probe mitochondrial function, oxidative-stress pathways, and energy-production mechanisms under conditions of metabolic or ischemic challenge.
Researchers choose SS-31 for its unparalleled ability to concentrate in mitochondria and neutralize reactive oxygen species at the site of production. Its robust preservation of electron-transport chain efficiency translates into higher ATP levels and reduced apoptotic signaling in diverse cell types. Manufactured under cGMP-like, ISO-certified conditions, every SS-31 batch delivers consistent performance, backed by rigorous HPLC purity testing and endotoxin screening for reliable protocol integration.
Unlike general antioxidants, SS-31 uniquely targets the mitochondrial inner membrane by binding cardiolipin, stabilizing cristae structure, and preserving bioenergetic capacity. This dual action—membrane stabilization plus ROS scavenging—allows clear investigation of mitochondrial health, apoptosis, and inflammation without off-target effects. Its demonstrated stability in both lyophilized and reconstituted states ensures reproducible results across in vitro and ex vivo studies.
“SS-31 Preserves Mitochondrial Function in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury,” Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology.
“Mechanism of SS-31: Cardiolipin Interaction and ROS Scavenging,” Free Radical Biology & Medicine.
SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) designed to target the inner mitochondrial membrane and scavenge reactive oxygen species in research models.
By binding cardiolipin, SS-31 stabilizes mitochondrial cristae architecture and neutralizes superoxide and hydroxyl radicals at the source of oxidative stress.
SS-31 is used in assays of mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative-stress mitigation, apoptosis pathways, and ischemia–reperfusion injury models.
Reconstitute SS-31 in Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI) or Bacteriostatic Water (BAC) and follow your lab’s SOP for final concentration.
Store lyophilized SS-31 at –20 °C; reconstituted solutions remain stable at 2–8 °C for up to 7 days without significant degradation.
Yes—SS-31 preserves electron-transport efficiency under stress, resulting in higher ATP yield in isolated mitochondrial and cell-based assays.
Researchers often co-study SS-31 with antioxidants or anti-inflammatory peptides (e.g., AHK-Cu, BPC-157) to explore synergistic cytoprotection.
No. SS-31 is strictly for laboratory research only and is not approved for therapeutic or veterinary application.
In vitro experiments commonly use SS-31 at 0.1–10 µM, depending on cell type and assay endpoints.
SS-31 is synthesized in ISO-certified U.S. labs, with each batch validated for ≥99% purity by HPLC and screened for endotoxin (<0.1 EU/mg).
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